Shingle



Aug E2, E930l 1. H. WELLER SHINGLE Filed Sept. 50, 1924 1N VEN TOR MAH.WMZ/@F7 WITNESSES.-

Eatented ug. 12, l1930 ITEDA SATES4 PATENT OFFICE JOHN HENRY WELLER, OFFERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BARBER AS- PHALT COMPANY, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA SHINGLEApplication filed September 30, 1924. Serial No. 740,689.

This invention relates'to shingles and it -is more particularlyconcerned with improvements in that type-commonly denominatedflexible-fabricated from a suitable material impregnated withpreservatory solution im pervious to moisture and. coated on one or bothfaces with niineralized surfacing.

Shingles of the foregoing typified character are very difficult to applywith regularity and precision, especially by inexperienced labor, unlessthe roof or other surface to which they are to be attached is previouslymarked with proper guide lines. Even when so marked it is commonknowledge that very few work nien avail themselves of such guide lines,consequently `much time and unnecessary expense is wasted, while thefinished appearance is frequently inelegant and unsatisfactory.

An object of this invention is to overcome the above stateddisadvantages in a simple and effective manner by configuring theindividual shingles or shingle lengths so that the upper portion thereofserves-or f unctions-as aguiding means for consecutively laid units andsucceeding v-rows thereof,

whereby regularity in lining of the finished panying drawings,constituting 'a part of this specification, and in which like indicesareemployed to designate the same or cor.- responding parts in all theviews.

Fig. I is a face view of'a fragmentary portion of a roof or othersurface-having shingles in accordance with this invention appliedthereto.

Fig. II is a sectional end view looking toward the left-hand of thepreceding ligure.

Fig. III is a plan view of an individual shingle scored at its tip forretioversion, as Well as illustrating the manner in which said shingleis cut from strip material without waste. i

Fig. IV is asimilar view of a slightly modified form ofthe inventiondevised to ensure adhesion between successively laid rows thereof; and,

Figs. V and VI are plan views indicative of the economical savingeffected when cutting shingles in accordance with'the presentimprovements from standard widths of sheet material Generallyconsidered, and before proceeding with a detailed description of thedrawings, iny improved shingles or shingle strips are manufactured fromsheet felt impregnated with asphaltuin and surfaced on one or both faceswith crushed slate or other desired mineral substance, in accordancewith well known methods prevailing in the art. Material of the typifiednature is usually made in standard widths and, in order to emphasize theeconomical character of this invention, let it be assumed-by way of aninitial example-that the shingles 7, shown in Figs. I-III, are severedfrom a continuous sheet by means of a rotary drum cutter according toknown practice.

Now it will be observed that each in# dividual shingle 7 is of aconfiguration aording a rectangular upper portionS bounded by the topedge 9 and parallel side edges 10, 10.

The lower portion 11 of each shingle 7 is of y angular contour andpoint-down'pattern; or, more specifically, said lower portion 1lcomprises divergent edges 12, 12 directed preferably-though notessentially-at right angles to each other while aording a tip 13conveniently creased at 14 for retroversion, and for a purpose later onmore particularly referred to. At this juncture let it be assumed thatthe shingles 7 are severed from a twentytwo and five-eighths inch widesheet with the linear dimension of the top edge 9, nineteen andthree-quarter inches, and the medial dimension-indicated by thedot-and-dash line a in Fig. III-sixteen and one-quarter inches, whichgives the side edges 10, i() a six andthree-eighth inch dimension.Shingles 7 cut in accordance with the dimensions and outline above setforth will result in the divergent edges 12, lZbei-ng each fourteeninches long; or, in other words. if shingles 7 are cut from a twenty-twoand five-eighth inch continuous sheet I produce what may be termedone-ply fourteen-inch shingles with literally no wastage of materialwhatsoever, save the initial and terminal angular scraps; as willbereadily appreciated on an examination of the dotted lines b about Fig.III.

Figs. V and VI illustrate, substantially to scale, forms of my inventioncut from thirtyseven inch and twenty-five inch (or fifty inch)continuous sheet material respectively, and in view of their closesimilitude-except in relative dimensions-the reference numerals appliedthereto correspond with those employed in the preceding description;while further detailed explanation is deemed unnecessary, save to statethat said specific types respectively furnish single and double plytwelve inch shingles. l

.In making shingles 7 of proper size to afford a complete two-plycovering the most desirable'results will be attained by omitting themineralized surfacing from the upper part l5 of the rectangular portion8, as shown in Figs. IV and VI. Omitting the mineralized surfacing inthis manner tends to cause the shingles 7, when laid, to adhere togethermore completely than would be the case if the entire top surfaceWerecolmpletely covered. It will of course be readily understood thatthe continuous sheet material from which the just described type ofshingles are cut will be manufactured with the running edges free ofmineral surfacing, or with parallel paths not coated with suchsurfacing.

Fig. VI illustrates, substantially to scale, a two-ply type of shingle 7in accordance with this invention, the same being cut from thirtyoneandseven-eighths wide material; whereas the form shown by- Fig. III issevered from either twenty-two and five-eighths inch-or forty-five andone-quarter inch-wide' sheet material. Both of the types just referredto ae known in the trade as fourteen inch shines. i

Either type of shingle hereinbefore described is so simple that furtherdetailed explanation is deemed unnecessary beyond stating that shingles7 so configured will be readily applied to the guide lines 16 on a roofor other surface 17-due to the rectangular upper formation S-andattached with nails '(not shown.) in the' conventional manner.`

Similarly the key wires 18 will be inserted in the well known manner,while the tips 13 are y creased-along a line 14C parallel with the fiberformation of the felt material which tends to reduce cracking along saldcrease or bend.

Obviously I may cut lengths of the material` to include a multiplicityof the shingles patterned along the lines described as will be readily-apparentlto those acquaintedwith the ticularly directed to itsutilitarian and economical character, whereby a roof or other surfacemay be completely covered with a one-hundred per cent two-ply thicknessof shingle material thereby affording a durable and effective weatherprotection. 'Furthermore it will be apparent that pro rata, Whileshingles embodying this invention utilize somewhat more material persquare laid` such increase is negligible, when contracted with theeconomy effected in cutting, as well as the saving in time and laborinvolved during laying. Again it will be readily appreciated that bylaying my improved shingles as a twoply facing for a roof or otherstructure, rain, sleet, snow and the like cannot drive inwardly betweenthe respective units and successive rows thereby causing leaks; whilesurfaces covered bythe novel configured shingles illustrated will beaccurately lined and give durable service.

Although I have shown and specifically detailed certain essentials ofshape as pre-requisites in carrying my invention into effect, it will beunderstood I am not necessarily limited to the precise patternsillustrated, as various minor changes and modifications may be made,within the scope of the subjoined claims, without departing from thespirit of my invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. A surface coveringcomposed of individual mineral-surfaced flexible shingles adapted to belaid inrstaggered relation; each said shingle having a rectangular upperportion whichx-when butted-form a continuous material thickness alongeach row, said rectangular upper portions being in part devoid ofmineral surfacing se that the successively laid rows of shingles canrmly adhere into a substantially integral mass, and 'each said shinglehaving a right-angledpoint-down end with the tip retroverted to seatwholly co-planar betweenthe merging edges of an underlying pair ofabutting shingles.

2. In a surface covering, a first row of shingles, each of whichconsists of a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portionhaving parallel side edges contacting substantially throughout theirextent with the side edges of the upper portions of adjacent Shingles,the adjacent side edges of the lower portions of adjacent shingles beingshaped to form pockets, and a second row of similar shingles overlappingthe first row, the shingles of said second row being provided With tabsat their lower edges, said tabs being turned under the shingles of thesecond row and lying within the said pockets in the plane of theshingles of the rst row.

3. In a surface covering, a first row of shingles, each of whichconsists of a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portionhaving parallel side edges contacting substantially throughout theirextentwith the side edges of the upper portions of adjacent shingles,the adjacent side edges of the lower portions of adjacent shingles beingshaped to form pockets, a second row of gles overlapping the first row,the shingles of said second row being provided with tabs at their loweredges, said tabs being turned lunder the shingles of the secondrow andlying of an underlying pair of abutting shingles..

. 5. A surface covering composed of individual flexible shingles adaptedto be laid in staggered relation, each of said shingles having arectangular upper portion which when the shingles are abutted will forma continuous material thickness along each row and each of said shingleshaving an angular pointdown end with thel tip retroverted to seat whollycoplanar betweenthe merging edges of an underlying pair of abuttingshingles, said shingles being of dimensions to afford a surface coveringof at least two-ply thickness throughout.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Maurer, NewJersey, this 18th day of September, 1924.

JOHN HENRY WELLER.

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